Key points
- Three closely related viruses: ABPV, Kashmir bee virus (KBV) and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV).
- Highly virulent when varroa injects them into pupae.
- Rapid death of trembling bees; colony collapse in late summer and autumn.
- Prevention relies on controlling varroa.
The viruses of the acute bee paralysis complex are among the deadliest for honey bees. Without varroa they often circulate quietly. With varroa they can collapse a colony within weeks1.
The agents
The complex brings together three closely related viruses: acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV) and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV). Their distribution varies between regions of the world1, 2.
Injected by varroa into pupae, they multiply very fast and kill pupae and young bees.
Symptoms
- Trembling bees, unable to fly, dying within days.
- Possible hair loss and dark appearance, as with chronic paralysis.
- Brood sometimes dying without visible signs.
- Rapid collapse of colonies heavily infested with varroa, in late summer or autumn.
Diagnosis
Symptoms alone cannot tell these viruses apart from chronic paralysis or poisoning. Only a laboratory test (PCR) identifies the virus involved.
What to do
- Control varroa: this is the decisive measure.
- Treat at the right time, before winter bees emerge.
- Prevent robbing between weak and strong colonies, which spreads viruses and mites.
- Report any sudden mortality affecting several colonies to the veterinary authorities.
References
- de Miranda J.R., Cordoni G., Budge G. (2010). The Acute bee paralysis virus-Kashmir bee virus-Israeli acute paralysis virus complex. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 103: S30-S47.
- Chen Y.P., Siede R. (2007). Honey bee viruses. Advances in Virus Research 70: 33-80.
- FAO, IZSLT, Apimondia, CAAS (2021). Good beekeeping practices for sustainable apiculture. FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines No. 25.